Online sexual exploitation and abuse of children is one of the fastest-growing crimes in the world.

Whether it takes form as photographs, pre-recorded videos or livestreams — and no matter how the imagery is produced — these crimes, collectively referred to as OSEAC, share one common truth: Someone abused a child in the process.

From 2022-2023, reports of suspected child sexual abuse materials (CSAM) submitted to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) rose from 32 million to over 36 million, including over 105 million distinct images, videos and other files. More than 300 million children have experienced OSEAC, which research shows is severely underreported.

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In the U.S., there are few, if any, requirements on tech companies to detect, report and remove CSAM. Without regulation to hold them accountable, these companies have made minimal progress in addressing OSEAC. While there is bipartisan support for legislation to address this growing crisis, pushback from tech lobbyists and privacy advocates who leverage inaccurate messaging and scare tactics have led to indefinite delays on meaningful action from Congress.

We can put an end to these insidious crimes against children. But first, we must raise awareness of their prevalence, educate children, youth, caregivers and trusted adults on online risks and protection best practices, get more and better data on the issue, and fight for stronger laws to protect children.

 “I was filled with anger. I was depressed. It really disturbed my mind. It disturbed my studies. That’s when I decided to tell my teacher.”

— 16-year-old OSEAC survivor in Kenya

Our Approach

We use a rights-based, trauma-informed and survivor-centered approach, with a focus on safeguarding, in our online child protection programming and advocacy. We are guided by three intervention strategies:

  1. Individual level: We develop targeted prevention and response programs that put children’s and youths' voices at the center.
  2. Community level: We help communities strengthen the protection capacities of both formal and informal local child protection systems.
  3. National level and beyond: We advocate for the enactment, implementation and enforcement of critical online safety policies at the global, national and local levels.

Learn More: Preventing Online Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children (OSEAC) and Promoting Online Safety: Organization Guidance for Designing and Implementing Interventions (2023) 

At the community level, we support communities to strengthen the capacity of both informal and formal child protection systems. We also advocate for national and local governments to fill existing prevention and response policy gaps.

Through U.S., country-level and global campaigns, we have taken the lead on moving legislation to support safety-by-design internet policies, hold tech companies accountable and provide resources for law enforcement entities to prosecute offenders.

Examples of systems change we have contributed to include:

Peer-to-peer education and centering children’s and young people’s voices around solutions is a critical part of our approach. In countries like the Philippines and Kenya, we engage youth by training peer educators. Amplifying the voices and perspectives of survivors and experts with relevant lived experience is also key to identifying effective solutions.

For instance, the #MiVozExige #SeguridadDigital​ (#MyVoiceDemands #DigitalSafety) program in Mexico is helping children and youth to use their voices to push duty bearers to do more to protect children online. Working in middle and high schools, children and youth are supported in learning how to analyze situations and problems in the online environment, develop solutions and engage duty bearers in their communities to bring about positive change.

In the Philippines, the PROJECT Children AWARE: Children Amplifying Youth-led Advocacy to Work Together Against the Rise of Online Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mindanao aims to develop communities where adults, children and youth are part of the solution in combating OSEAC through recruiting, training and engaging youth leaders to expand the network of youth advocates.

OSEAC is evolving into new forms as perpetrators adopt innovations such as generative artificial intelligence (AI) and extended reality (XR) to create CSAM and groom and abuse children. Some “deepfake” apps allow users to easily create realistic nude images of those around them without their consent. We are monitoring the trends in these new technologies and considering their implications throughout our advocacy and programmatic work.

Explore Our Impact

  • Ending online violence in Kenya

    ChildFund partnered with Google in 2021 to launch an online safety project with the Communications Authority of Kenya, telecom leaders and civil society organizations, the first comprehensive campaign of its kind. In 2022, our Kenya team received a $1 million grant from the End Violence Fund to lead a 3-year project, Safe CLICS, to strengthen government capacity to prevent & respond to OSEAC, raise public awareness and improve connections to reporting and referral services.

  • Education for online safety in Ecuador

    #NaveguemosSeguros (“Let’s Navigate Safely”) is a campaign and website that includes practical tools, conversation guides and games aimed at educating teachers, caregivers, children and youth about online risks. ChildFund is also working with the Ministry of Education to raise awareness of online risks amongst teachers and school professionals and support the detection of suspected cases via the National Education System.

  • Improving digital literacy in Indonesia

    ChildFund has partnered with ChildFund Australia to implement Swipe Safe, a comprehensive program aimed at building children’s and youth’s digital literacy to support their safe navigation of and engagement with the online world. ChildFund also recently published a report, Insight on Cyberbullying & Online Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Youth in Indonesia, which examined children’s online behaviors and exposure to online risks.

Advocacy Spotlight: U.S. Campaign to #TakeItDown

In 2023, the #TakeItDown campaign was launched to hold tech companies accountable for allowing child sexual exploitation and abuse to proliferate online. Since then, we have seen significant momentum in the U.S. Congress to pass legislation that will lead to a safer internet for children everywhere.

We garnered bipartisan support during the Senate hearing on January 31, 2024, with Big Tech CEOs and elevated the voices and experiences of survivors and survivor parents, highlighting the critical urgency of this issue. The REPORT Act was signed into law, further strengthening our efforts to combat online abuse. The Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA) successfully passed the Senate, marking a major step forward in protecting children online. Finally, the Take It Down Act, aimed at protecting and empowering victims of real and deepfake non-consensual image sharing, passed the Senate Commerce committee.

Most importantly, our movement has been driven by the powerful voices of survivors, whose stories and advocacy have been at the heart of our progress.

Meet Our Experts

Danielle Lilly

Danielle Lilly

Director, Policy

Danielle leads ChildFund’s U.S. government and global advocacy efforts related to online sexual exploitation and abuse of children (OSEAC), violence against children, early childhood development and adolescent girls. She is also leading a new initiative to build greater consensus, collaboration and coordination between US-based NGOs and INGOs on OSEAC-related advocacy efforts. Danielle holds a bachelor's degree in Foreign Affairs from the University of Virginia and a master's degree in International Relations from the London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Jess Leslie

Jess Leslie

Director, Online Protection Programs

Jess leads ChildFund’s global efforts on online child protection and is responsible for providing strategy and technical leadership in the development and implementation of programming related to ending online sexual exploitation and abuse of children (OSEAC). Jess has over 18 years of experience leading global and national programs that address sexual violence, domestic violence, human trafficking and gender inequality. She holds a bachelor’s degree in International Studies from the University of Washington, a graduate certificate in Law from Sciences Po in Paris, and a master’s degree in International Relations & Economics from the Johns Hopkins University (SAIS).

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Coco Lammers

Coco Lammers

Project Director, U.S. Policy on OSEAC

Coco is a child rights and advocacy expert with deep experience leading campaigns at the Bank Information Center and in advocacy roles at Save the Children and UNICEF USA in the United States, Singapore and Nepal. Her work aims to advance child rights issues ranging from child trafficking to education, calling on policymakers, including the U.S. government, to improve upon and deliver on their commitments to children. A former teacher, she is also a 2-time recipient of the Princeton in Asia Fellowship and holds an MSc from NYU and a B.A. from Middlebury College.

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